Gold Stater Norfolk Wolf Left Pellet and Crescent

Features

Issuer	Iceni tribe (Celtic Britain)
Type	Standard circulation coins
Years	50 BC - 35 BC
Value	Stater (1)
Currency	Stater
Composition	Gold
Weight	6.0 g
Diameter	17 mm
Shape	Round (irregular)
Technique	Hammered
Orientation	Variable alignment ↺
Demonetized	Yes
Number	N# 460649
References	ABC# 1396 Elizabeth Cottam, Philip de Jersey, Chris Rudd, John Sills; 2010. Ancient British Coins. Chris Rudd, Aylsham, United Kingdom. , Van Arsdell# 610-02 Robert D. Van Arsdell; 1989. Celtic Coinage of Britain. Spink & Son, London, United Kingdom. , Sp# 31 Standard Catalogue of British Coins (37 volumes). , BMC Iron# 217 Richard Hobbs; 1996. British Iron Age coins in the British Museum. British Museum, London, United Kingdom. , Mack# 49a Richard Paston Mack; 1975. The Coinage of Ancient Britain. Spink & Son, London, United Kingdom. , Talbot MfT# Norfolk Wolf B John Talbot; 2017. Made for Trade: A New View of Icenian Coinage. Oxbow, Oxford, United Kingdom. , COI# 7a, 7b Elizabeth Cottam, Chris Rudd; 2022. Coins of the Iceni. Chris Rudd, Aylsham, United Kingdom.

Series: Early Local Period II

Obverse

Abstracted head of Apollo left, wreath with inside ends of laurel leaves pointing upwards. Cloak below with looped fibula (B-shaped clasp of cloak). Linear crescents at bottom left. Spike (hairbar) end in arc with separate arc below. Hair curls to right of wreath.

Reverse

Wolf left, jaws open, bird on back. Pellets above. Pellet and solid crescent below.

Comments

Allen Type: British Jb.

Van Arsdell Classification: Icenian A, Icenian Earliest Uninscribed Gold Coins, Norfolk Wolf Type.

Talbot Norfolk Wolf B, Subtype A, Die Group 1: See Norfolk Wolf B (ABC 1399).

Talbot Chronology: Gallo-Belgic E/Ingoldisthorpe - Early Local Period I (55BC-35BC) - Early Local Period II (35BC-15BC) - Denominational Period I (15BC-5: Snettisham - Plouviez - Irstead - Early Boar Horse) - Denominational Period II (5-25: Boar Horse B - Boar Horse C) - Denominational Period III (25-45).

Cottam and Rudd list two types:
COI 7a (ABC 1396) - Norfolk Wolf Left, Spiky Teeth, Hairy Tail (2 known): Ornate with small pellets on crescent below large pellet; wolf has 6 or 7 spiky teeth and a very long, feathered tail.
COI 7a (ABC 1396) - Norfolk Wolf Left, Simplified (11 known): Less ornate with no pellets on tilted (to right) crescent below large pellet; cruder wolf without feathered tail. This includes Chris Rudd's ‘Toothless’ (BMC 217, Chris Rudd List 167, 14 October 2019, lot 10).

Cottam and Rudd Chronology: Gallic War Unity (55-50BC) - Post-War Austerity (50-35BC) - Peaceful Prosperity (35BC-20) - Client-State Conformity (20-47) - Claudian Regality (43-47).

British Museum metallurgical analysis RL11111X: Au 31%, Ag 47%, Cu 22%.

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Date	References
Undetermined
ND (50 BC - 35 BC)	COI# 7a Elizabeth Cottam, Chris Rudd; 2022. Coins of the Iceni. Chris Rudd, Aylsham, United Kingdom.	Ornate with small pellets on crescent below large pellet; wolf has 6 or 7 spiky teeth and a very long, feathered tail
ND (50 BC - 35 BC)	COI# 7b Elizabeth Cottam, Chris Rudd; 2022. Coins of the Iceni. Chris Rudd, Aylsham, United Kingdom.	Less ornate with no pellets on tilted (to right) crescent below large pellet; cruder wolf without feathered tail

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Examples of the type

Picture 1 of the example of Gold Stater (Norfolk Wolf Left Pellet and Crescent)

Picture 2 of the example of Gold Stater (Norfolk Wolf Left Pellet and Crescent)

© British Museum, 1919,0213.76
ND (50 BC - 35 BC) – COI# 7b – Less ornate with no pellets on tilted (to right) crescent below large pellet; cruder wolf without feathered tail • Norwich, Norfolk • 18 mm • 5.74 g

Metallurgical analysis RL11111X: Au 31%, Ag 47%, Cu 22%

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