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Antoninianus - Probus Cuirassed, spear and shield, left; PAX AVG; Pax

Features

Issuer RomeRoman Empire (27 BC - 395 AD)
Emperor Probus (Marcus Aurelius Probus) (276-282)
Type Standard circulation coins
Years 278-280
Value Antoninianus (1)
Currency Antoninianus, Reform of Caracalla (AD 215 – 301)
Composition Silver
Weight 3.6 g
Diameter 21 mm
Shape Round (irregular)
Technique Hammered
Orientation Variable alignment ↺
Demonetized Yes
Number
N#
406938
References RIC V.2# 706g
Percy H. Webb, Harold Mattingly, Edward Allen Sydenham; 1933. The Roman Imperial Coinage / Volume 5.2. Marcus Aurelius Probus – Maximian (AD 276–310). Spink & Son, London, United Kingdom.
, OCRE# ric.5.pro.706
Online Coins of the Roman Empire (http://numismatics.org/ocre/)

Obverse

Bust of Probus, radiate, cuirassed, left, holding spear in right hand and shield in left hand.

Script: Latin

Lettering: IMP C PROBVS P F AVG

Unabridged legend: Imperator Caesar Probus Pius Felix Augustus.

Translation: Supreme commander, Caesar Probus, the pious, the fortunate, emperor.

Reverse

Pax, draped, standing left, holding olive-branch in right hand and sceptre in left hand.

Script: Latin

Lettering:
PAX AVG
In exergue XXI followed by officina mark or in exergue XXI and officina mark in right field.

Unabridged legend: Pax Augusti.

Translation: Peace of the emperor.

Mint

Siscia, modern-day Sisak, Croatia

Comments

RIC 706 was minted by the 1st to 6th officina of the Siscia mint. The original RIC text mentions multiple different variations/different bust types, listed below (bust types according to Pierre Bastiens grouping of bust types; see illustrated: probvs.net). The sixth variation (the F5 bust) could also be considered as a variant because RIC only mentions with spear and shield, not with only a spear. Alföldi lists five of the six variants (Andreas Alföldi, Vorarbeiten zu einem Corpus der in Siscia geprägten römischen Kaisermünzen. Heft V. Verzeichnis der Antoniniane des Kaisers Probus, Budapest, 1939):

  1. radiate, draped, right (bust A, Alföldi 041.016, probuscoins.fr #3623, Numista #293062);
  2. radiate, cuirassed, right (bust B, Alföldi 041.017-034, probuscoins.fr #1754, Numista #293734);
  3. helmeted, radiate, cuirassed, left, holding spear in right hand and shield in left hand (bust E1, Alföldi -, probuscoins.fr -, Numista #293735);
  4. radiate, cuirassed, left (bust B1, Alföldi 041.035-047, probuscoins.fr #1753, Numista #293736);
  5. radiate, cuirassed, left, with spear and shield (bust F1, Alföldi 041.052-054, probuscoins.fr -, this coin).
  6. [var] radiate, cuirassed, left, with spear (bust F5, Alföldi 041.048-047, probuscoins.fr #3764, not in Numista).

Alföldi also mentions the existence of an A2 bust variant: radiate, draped and cuirassed, right (Alföldi 041.014-015).

According to Pink, RIC 706 was part of the 4th emission (year 278, mint-/exergue mark style: -/-//XXIP) and 7th emission (year 280, mint-/exergue mark style: -/P//XXI) (Karl Pink, Der Aufbau der römischen Münzprägung in der Kaiserzeit VI/I, Wien, 1949, p. 41).

See also

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Date VG F VF XF AU UNC
ND (278)  "XXIP" in exergue
ND (278)  "XXIQ" in exergue
ND (278)  "XXIS" in exergue
ND (278)  "XXIT" in exergue
ND (278)  "XXIV" in exergue
ND (278)  "XXIVI" in exergue
ND (280)  "P" in right field; "XXI" in exergue
ND (280)  "Q" in right field; "XXI" in exergue
ND (280)  "S" in right field; "XXI" in exergue
ND (280)  "T" in right field; "XXI" in exergue
ND (280)  "V" in right field; "XXI" in exergue
ND (280)  "VI" in right field; "XXI" in exergue

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